PHYSICAL OPERATIONS FOR INCREMENT ANDES ICE COVER  :  BRAKE GLACIERS RETREAT Suppose a very simplified glacier statistical model of mass growth,  consider Accumulated solid Precipitations (AP) and Exits (ED) by Evaporation-sublimation (Ev) and diluted current water (Dc) superficial and underground, that modify the quantity of ice I. 

For a period (T)      AP =  SP   ;    DE =S Dc +  S Ev        ;           DI = AP - DE      

P=εW (ε=natural efficiency “of solid” precipitation, W total cloud water  content)

 If realize cloud physics(LiquidN2, plumesAgI, SolidCO2) & ground operationsDI_F = AP _F   - DE _F     

     =>  DI_F  - DI  =  (AP _F - AP)  -  (DE _F – DE)     =               DAP _F - DDE _F  = DII 

defining incremental efficiency of precipitation.  DAP _F = cW, with c= ε_F - ε. For the case not carried out operations c=0. The state of the art and in a optimistic scenario , allows an use maximum average of 6% extra of  total water content of  clouds in which is carried cloud physics operations. 

The term DE= DE (Dc, Ev) = DE(x,y,z,t) = DE(T°, Rd, alb, w, W, P,T_t°,Ж) (atmosphere temperature, radiation, albedo, wind, atmospheric water content, Precipitation, Ground temperature, others)                

Physical operations in surface over the parameters of  Ev are possible, for example you can excuse liquid nitrogen ~ (-210°C) to cool the surface, to change the phase and pressure of saturation vapor, as well as the albedo. Also, it is possible to diminish the ventilation if  used transparent to  infrared blankets, improving  albedo. The Dc current of water by dilution of ice is the other form glacier loses mass, it depends on all the variables that affect Ev, besides the precipitation, and the temperature of the terrestrial layer Tt° that surrounds the mass glacier, with limits surface in isotherm zero, and affected by the local geo - dynamics conditions like the underground (thermal water, magma, etc.)  The engineering work to dam this Dc water is advisable, it increases the local humidity and it improves the natural efficiency of precipitation, the costs are usually high, although the geotextiles use, reduces it. 

With some restrictions one can re write  DII = cW - jDE

The differential increment of ice on the glacier for physical operations on the atmosphere and in surface. 

The operations in the atmosphere offer that c be positive or to increase the solid precipitation.  In surface a negative operator j  is looked  to brake the evaporation and ablation.  The c operations should select clouds with high precipitation probability in solid phase, must be scientifically controlled and  is necessary to inform the mountain populations of this activities.  The j technical decisions should be discussed after evaluating the impact of  measures over local ecology, looking always for the population's participation, here sylviculture activities sure all ways desirable3'4'3).  "This way the glacier cover can be preserved by increased ice."     Contact